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If a person experiences headaches that sound similar to migraine but don't fulfil all the diagnostic criteria, it is classed as a probable migraine. Keeping a headache journal and consulting with your GP can confirm the condition.   Further information Headache & Migraine Diaries - tools for tracking...

Sometimes people experience abnormal migraine complications, which might be more painful and/or harder to treat than typical migraine attacks. This includes: Status migraine / status migrainosus Persistent aura symptoms Migraine-induced stroke Seizure triggered by aura symptoms Migraine complications should be investigated by your neurologist, to understand...

Migraine aura are fully reversible attacks involving disruption of vision, sensation, balance, strength, cognition, language, or other central nervous system functions. Like a migraine attack, they usually affect one side of the visual field, face, or body, and develop gradually before being followed by a...

A 'neuralgia' is any pain arising from a nerve. The nerve may be irritated, compressed by a bone/disc, infected, or affected by some other lesion. Trigeminal neuralgia, for example, is often caused by a blood vessel pressing on the trigeminal nerve as it emerges from...

Thunderclap headache causes severe head pain that has an abrupt onset, similar to the pain experienced due to a ruptured aneurysm or haemorrhage. It reaches maximum intensity in less than one minute. It's important to search exhaustively for an underlying cause before diagnosing primary thunderclap...

Temporomandibular joint disorders affect the jaw and muscles associated with chewing and can trigger headache. These disorders can be caused by injury, genetics, or arthritis. The headache is normally aggravated by jaw motion such as chewing, or even by just applying pressure to the temporalis...

A primary cough headache is brought on by coughing, straining or another Valsalva-like manoeuvre (e.g., pinching your nose and breathing out to relieve pressure in the ears). It has a sudden onset, and generally fades either immediately or in a few minutes after the provoking...

A migraine disorder is referred to as ‘chronic’ when the person with migraine experiences attacks on 15 or more days per month, each month, for three or more months. These symptoms can include the headache, aura, or both. Keeping a headache diary can help confirm...

Withdrawal headache occurs after someone stops taking a medication or substance that they had been using for weeks or months. According to the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3), these are the substances most likely to cause withdrawal symptoms: Caffeine Opioid Oestrogen These headaches are distinct...

Headache caused by a traumatic injury to the head (e.g., headstrike, whiplash, or after a surgical craniotomy), ranging from mild trauma that causes dizziness and nausea, to trauma causing a coma. This headache does not have any defining characteristics; rather, it is classified as a...

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